Gain and loss - damping and amplification in dB voltage power conversion - field and energy parameter

Conversion

● Field quantities: e. g. Voltage "Decibel, Gain, and Loss" ●
gain = amplification and loss = damping
0 dB damping and 0 dB amplification belong to the factor 1

The reinforcement and also the amplification factor are called simply "gain" and its increase value with amplification is positively designated. Loss or decrease is the damping factor," negative gain" or also "attenuation". Field and energy gain factors, and loss factors are ratios.

Gain is usually defined as the mean ratio of the signal output of a system to the signal input of the same system. It is often expressed using the logarithmic decibel (dB) units ("dB gain"). A gain greater than one is called amplification is the defining property of an active component or circuit, while a passive circuit will have a gain of less than one.

Enter the value for Vout and Vin and press the "=" key.

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● Energy quantities: e. g. Power "Decibel, Gain, and Loss) ●
Enter the value for P in and P out and press the "=" key.

Conversion: Factor (Ratio) to Gain (Decibels)
and Gain (Decibels) to a Factor (Ratio)

To use the calculator, simply enter a value.
The calculator works in both directions of the ↔ sign.

Field quantity x always use the RMS value - but don't do that for the energy quantity y.

Energy quantity y is field quantity x (amplitude rms) squared: y ~ x².

Amplification Factor Voltage and Decibels

Level L in decibel (dB) = 20 × log (x) x = factor (amplitude, field quantity)

Level L in decibel (dB) = 10 × log (y) y = factor (power, energy quantity)

To use the calculator, simply enter a value.
The calculator works in both directions of the ↔ sign.

Field quantity (size):

Energy quantity (size):

There is also the reference power P₀ = 1 milliwatt or 0.001 watt ≡ 0 dB_m

Voltage/pressure Amplification factor	1	1.414 = √2	2	3.16 = √10	4	10	20	40	100	1000
Increasing of x dB	0	3	6	10	12	20	26	32	40	60

Power/intensity Amplification factor	1	1.414 = √2	2	3.16 = √10	4	10	20	40	100	1000
Increasing of y dB	0	1.5	3	5	6	10	13	16	20	30

The word "power amplifier" is a misnomer. Voltage and current can be amplified. The strange term "power amplifier" has become understood to mean an amplifier that is intended to drive a load such as a loudspeaker.
We call the product of current and voltage gain "power amplification".

Questions:
For an amplifier with an amplification factor of 100, calculate the following: a) voltage gain in dB.
b) voltage gain at the cutoff frequency (break frequency) in dB.
c) amplification factor at the cutoff frequency (break frequency).
Answers:
a) amplification factor 100 = gain 40 dB.
b) gain at the cutoff frequency is 3 dB, so it is 37 dB.
c) gain 37 dB = amplification factor 70.7 at the cutoff frequency.

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● Factor x (field quantity)	↔	● Level L_x (voltage, sound pressure) dB (voltage) gain

Reference factor (field quantity) x₀ = 1 ≡ 0 dB (amplitude)

Factor y (energy quantity)	↔	Level L_y (power, sound intensity) dB (energy) gain

Reference factor (energy quantity) y₀ = 1 ≡ 0 dB (power)


Voltage V volt	↔	Voltage level L_U dBV
$V = V_0 \cdot 10^\frac{L_V}{20} \ \mbox{volts}$		$L_V = 20\, \log_{10}\left(\frac{V}{V_0}\right) \ \mbox{dBV}$
Reference voltage V₀ = 1 volt (V) ≡ 0 dB_V


Electric power P watt	↔	Electric Power level L_P dB

Reference power P₀ = 1 watt (W) ≡ 0 dB


Electric power (telephone) P watt	↔	Electric Power level L_P dB_m

Reference power P₀ = 1 milliwatt (mW) = 0.001 W ≡ 0 dB_m