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Definition: Pressure or stress = force per area, p = F / A
F = force, A = area, p = pressure in Pa = N / m2 ⇒ kg / (m · s2)
1 pascal = Pa ≡ 1 N · m−2 ≡ 1 J · m−3 ≡ 1 kg · m−1 · s−2 (N = newton)
FAQ: 1 megapascal = 1,000,000 pascals
Enter on the left side the unit and the known number. On the
right side you will get the calculated result with the adjusted unit.
To the Super Calculator for pressure units
Standard atmospheric (air) pressure is 101325 pascals = 1013.25 hPa = 101.325 kPa
Important to know: 1 Pa = 1 N/m2 ≡ 94 dBSPL and 1 bar = 105 Pa.
1000 pascal (Pa) = 1 kilopascal (kPa).
Conversion of sound units: pascals to dBSPL
More conversions of pressure or stress units
| Unit | Conversions and Comments |
| pascal (Pa) (Pa = N / m2) N = Newton |
1pascal (p = F / A) = the force F of 1 newton per square meter area (1 newton = the force, which is used
to accelerate 1 kilogram to 1 meter per second squared) 1 Pa ⇒ 1 kg/(m · s2).
Force 1 N = 1 kg × m/s2. p = pressure; F = force; A = area |
| kilopascal (kPa) |
The prefix "kilo" means "1000", therefore is 1 kilopascal = 1000 Pa and 101.325 kPa = 1 atm = 760 torr and 100 kPa = 1 bar = 750 torr. |
| megapascal (MPa) |
The prefix "mega" means "1000000", therefore is 1 megapascal = 1000 kPa = 1000000 Pa. These high pressures are very rare. |
| gigapascal (GPa) |
The prefix "giga" means "1000000000", therefore is 1 gigapascal = 1000 MPa = 1000000 kPa = 1000000000 Pa = 9870 atm = 10000 bar. Pressures of some gigapascal can convert graphite to diamonds or can form from hydogenium a mtallic conductor. |
| pounds per square inch (psi, PSI, lb/in2, lb/sq in) |
This unit is only used in the USA. Normal atmospheric pressure is 1 atm = 14.696 psi - that means, an air colum above us of an area of 1 square inch weighs 14.696 pounds. 1 lb/in2 = 6894.8 Pa =0.06895 bar 0,06804 atm = 51.715 Torr. |
| atmosphere (atm) |
The normal air pressure is called "1 atmosphere". 1 atm = 14.6956 psi = 760 torr = 101325 Pa = 1.01325 bar. |
| torr (Torr) |
Torricelli barometer design: One atmosphere pressure brings a colums of mercury in a Hg barometer to a height of 760 millimeter. The pressure, which brings a collum of mercury to 1 millimeter is called 1 Torr (1 mm Hg = 1 Torr). 1 atm = 760 Torr = 14.696 psi. 1 Torr = 1/760 atm. |
| bar (bar) |
The bar is nearly idendic to the atmosphere unit. 1 bar = 750.062 torr = 0.9869 atm = 100000 Pa. Normal air pressure = 1.01325 bar = 1013.25 mbar. |
| millibar (mb or mbar) |
1000 millibars are 1 bar. Meteorologists like this. 1 millibar = 0.001 bar = 0.750 Torr. 1 mbar = 100 Pa = 1 hectopascal. |
| microbar (µb or µbar) |
1 microbar is 10-6 bar = 1 dyne/cm². 1µbar = 0.1 Pa. |
Pressure conversions
| from | to | multiply by |
| atmosphere | bar | 1.01325 |
| atmosphere | dyne/cm2 = µbar | 1.01325×106 |
| atmosphere | inch Hg | 29.9213 |
| atmosphere | inch H2O | 406.86 |
| atmosphere | kg/cm2 | 1.03325 |
| atmosphere | mbar | 1013.25 |
| atmosphere | mtorr = micron Hg | 7.6×105 |
| atmosphere | Pa = N/m2 | 1.01325 · 105 |
| atmosphere | PSI = lb/in2 | 14,696 |
| atmosphere | torr = mm Hg | 760 |
| bar | atmosphere | 0.98692 |
| bar | dyn/cm2 = µbar | 1×106 |
| bar | inch Hg | 29.54 |
| bar | inch H2O | 401.65 |
| bar | kg/cm2 | 1.02 |
| bar | mbar | 1000 |
| bar | mtorr = micron Hg | 7.5028×105 |
| bar | Pa = N/m2 | 1×105 |
| bar | psi = lb/in2 | 14.503861 |
| bar | torr = mm Hg | 750.2838 |
| dyne/cm2 = µbar | atmosphere | 9.8692×10-7 |
| dyne/cm2 = µbar | bar | 1×10-6 |
| dyne/cm2 = µbar | inch Hg | 2.954×10-5 |
| dyne/cm2 = µbar | inch H2O | 4.0165×10-4 |
| dyne/cm2 = µbar | kg/cm2 | 1.0200×10-6 |
| dyne/cm2 = µbar | mbar | 1×10-3 |
| dyne/cm2 = µbar | mtorr = micron Hg | 0.75028 |
| dyne/cm2 = µbar | Pa = N/m2 | 0,1 |
| dyne/cm2 = µbar | psi = lb/in2 | 1.4508×10-5 |
| dyne/cm2 = µbar | torr = mm Hg | 7.5028×10-4 |
| inch Hg | atmosphere | 3.342×10-2 |
| inch Hg | bar | 3.385×10-2 |
| inch Hg | dyne/cm2 = µbar | 3.385×104 |
| inch Hg | inch H2O | 1.598 |
| inch Hg | kg/cm2 | 3.4532×10-2 |
| inch Hg | mbar | 33.85 |
| inch Hg | mtorr = micron Hg | 2.54×104 |
| inch Hg | Pa = N/m2 | 3385 |
| inch Hg | psi = lb/in2 | 0.4912 |
| inch Hg | torr = mm Hg | 25.4 |
| inch H2O | atmosphere | 2.458×10-3 |
| inch H2O | bar | 2.489×10-3 |
| inch H2O | dyn/cm2 = µbar | 2.489×103 |
| inch H2O | kg/cm2 | 2.5396×10-3 |
| inch H2O | inch Hg | 7.354×10-2 |
| inch H2O | mbar | 2.489 |
| inch H2O | mtorr = micron Hg | 1.868×10-3 |
| inch H2O | Pa = N/m2 | 248,9 |
| inch H2O | psi = lb/in2 | 3.612×10-2 |
| inch H2O | torr = mm Hg | 1.868 |
| kg/cm2 | atmosphere | 0.9678 |
| kg/cm2 | bar | 0.9804 |
| kg/cm2 | dyn/cm2 = µbar | 9.804×105 |
| kg/cm2 | inch Hg | 28.958 |
| kg/cm2 | inch H2O | 393.76 |
| kg/cm2 | mbar | 9.804×102 |
| kg/cm2 | mtorr = micron Hg | 7.3554×105 |
| kg/cm2 | Pa = N/m2 | 9.804×104 |
| kg/cm2 | psi = lb/in2 | 14.223 |
| kg/cm2 | torr = mm Hg | 7.355×102 |
| mbar | atmosphere | 9.8692×10-4 |
| mbar | bar | 0.001 |
| mbar | dyen/cm2 = µbar | 1000 |
| mbar | kg/cm2 | 1.0200×10-3 |
| mbar | inch Hg | 2.954×10-2 |
| mbar | inch H2O | 0.4018 |
| mbar | mtorr = micron Hg | 7.5028×102 |
| mbar | Pa = N/m2 | 100 |
| mbar | psi = lb/in2 | 1.450×10-2 |
| mbar | torr = mm Hg | 0.75028 |
| mtorr = micron Hg | atmosphere | 1.316×10-6 |
| mtorr = micron Hg | bar | 1.3328×10-6 |
| mtorr = micron Hg | dyne/cm2 = µbar | 1.3328 |
| mtorr = micron Hg | kg/cm2 | 1.3595×10-6 |
| mtorr = micron Hg | inch Hg | 3.937×10-5 |
| mtorr = micron Hg | inch H2O | 5.353×10-4 |
| mtorr = micron Hg | mbar | 1.3328×10-3 |
| mtorr = micron Hg | Pa = N/m2 | 0.13328 |
| mtorr = micron Hg | psi = lb/in2 | 1.934×10-5 |
| mtorr = micron Hg | torr = mm Hg | 1×10-3 |
| Pa = N/m2 | atmosphere | 9.8692×10-6 |
| Pa = N/m2 | bar | 1×10-5 |
| Pa = N/m2 | dyne/cm2 = µbar | 10 |
| Pa = N/m2 | kg/cm2 | 1.020×10-5 |
| Pa = N/m2 | inch Hg | 2.954×10-4 |
| Pa = N/m2 | inch H2O | 4.018×10-3 |
| Pa = N/m2 | mbar | 0.01 |
| Pa = N/m2 | mtorr = micron Hg | 7.5028 |
| Pa = N/m2 | psi = lb/in2 | 1.4508×10-4 |
| Pa = N/m2 | torr = mm Hg | 7.5028×10-3 |
| psi = lb/in2 | atmosphere | 0.06805 |
| psi = lb/in2 | bar | 0.0689472 |
| psi = lb/in2 | dyne/cm2 = µbar | 6.89472×104 |
| psi = lb/in2 | kg/cm2 | 7.0309×10-2 |
| psi = lb/in2 | inch Hg | 2.036 |
| psi = lb/in2 | inch H2O | 27.68 |
| psi = lb/in2 | mbar | 68.9472 |
| psi = lb/in2 | mtorr = micron Hg | 5.171×104 |
| psi = lb/in2 | Pa = N/m2 | 6.89476×103 |
| psi = lb/in2 | torr = mm Hg | 51.71 |
| torr = mm Hg | atmosphere | 1.3158×10-3 |
| torr = mm Hg | bar | 1.3328×10-3 |
| torr = mm Hg | dyn/cm2 = µbar | 1.3328×10-3 |
| torr = mm Hg | kg/cm2 | 1.3595×10-3 |
| torr = mm Hg | inch Hg | 3.937×10-2 |
| torr = mm Hg | inch H2O | 0.5353 |
| torr = mm Hg | mbar | 1.3328 |
| torr = mm Hg | mtorr = micron Hg | 1000 |
| torr = mm Hg | Pa = N/m2 | 133.28 |
| torr = mm Hg | psi = lb/in2 | 1.934×10-2 |
Pressure conversion chart
| Pa | bar | N/mm2 | kp/m2 | kp/cm2(at) | atm | Torr | |
| 1 Pa (N/m2) = | 1 | 10-5 | 10-6 | 0.102 | 0.102×10-4 | 0.987×10-5 | 0.0075 |
| 1 bar (daN/cm3) = |
100000 | 1 | 0.1 | 10200 | 1.02 | 0.987 | 750 |
| 1 N/mm2 = | 106 | 10 | 1 | 1.02×105 | 10.2 | 9.87 | 7500 |
| 1 mkp/m2 = | 9.81 | 9.81×10-5 | 9.81×10-6 | 1 | 10-4 | 0.968×10-4 | 0.0736 |
| 1 kp/m2 (1 at) = |
98100 | 0.981 | 0.0981 | 10000 | 1 | 0.968 | 736 |
| 1 atm (760 Torr) = |
101325 | 1.013 | 0.1013 | 10330 | 1.033 | 1 | 760 |
| 1 Torr = | 133 | 0.00133 | 1.33×10-4 | 13.6 | 0.00132 | 0.00132 | 1 |
| Question: How does the air pressure change if the height changes 1 meter? The hydrostatic pressure is calculated according to Blaise Pascal:  This law is also assumed as an air column. Height h = 1 m Standard gravitational acceleration is g = 9.80665 m/s2 Density of air at 20°C is ρ20 = 1.204 kg/m3 1 m height changes the air pressure at a constant temperature of 20°C by p = ρ20 ∙ g ∙ h = 1.204 kg/m3 × 9.80665 m/s2 × 1 m = 11.8 Pa (N/m²) |
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