| Deutsche Version |  |
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| Temperature of air ϑ in °C |
Speed of sound c in m/s |
Time per 1 m Δ t in ms/m |
Density of air ρ in kg/m3 |
Impedance of air Z in N·s/m3 |
| +35 | 351.96 | 2.840 | 1.1455 | 403.2 |
| +30 | 349.08 | 2.864 | 1.1644 | 406.5 |
| +25 | 346.18 | 2.888 | 1.1839 | 409.4 |
| +20 | 343.22 | 2.912 | 1.2041 | 413.3 |
| +15 | 340.31 | 2.937 | 1.2250 | 416.9 |
| +10 | 337.33 | 2.963 | 1.2466 | 420.5 |
| +5 | 334.33 | 2.990 | 1.2690 | 424.3 |
| ±0 | 331.30 | 3.017 | 1.2920 | 428.0 |
| −5 | 328.24 | 3.044 | 1.3163 | 432.1 |
| −10 | 325.16 | 3.073 | 1.3413 | 436.1 |
| −15 | 322.04 | 3.103 | 1.3673 | 440.3 |
| −20 | 318.89 | 3.134 | 1.3943 | 444.6 |
| −25 | 315.72 | 3.165 | 1.4224 | 449.1 |
ϑ = Temperature, c = Speed of sound, ρ = Density of air, Z = ρ · c = Acoustic Impedance of air
| The speed of sound in air is determined by the air itself and is not dependent upon the amplitude, frequency, or wavelength of the sound. For an ideal gas the speed of sound depends only on the temperature and is independent of gas pressure. This dependence also applies to air, in good approximation and can be regarded as an ideal gas. |
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Notice: The speed of sound changes clearly with temperature, a little bit with humidity − but not with air pressure (atmospheric pressure). The words "sound pressure at sea level" are incorrect and misleading. The temperature indication, however, is absolutely necessary. |
Properties of sound in air
| Enter simply the value to the left or the right side. The calculator works in both directions of the ↔ sign. |
| At 0° Celsius the speed of sound is in USA books 331,3 (331,29) m/s. At 20° Celsius the speed of sound is then 343,21 m/s, rounded 343 m/s. At 0° Celsius the speed of sound is in German books 331,5 m/s mostly. At 20° Celsius the speed of sound is then 343,42 m/s, rounded 343 m/s. |
The effect of temperature
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The air density is: ρ = p / (R · T) in kg/m3, Air pressure = p, Gas constant = R, Temperature in Kelvin = T The individual gas constant R for dry air is: R = 287,058 J / kg · K with energy Joule (J) = Newton · Meter = N m; T in Kelvin = Temperature in °C + 273.15. Atmospheric pressure p0 = 101325 Pa = 1013.25 mbar = 1013.25 hPa und R = 287.058 J/kg · K. With the temperature of T0 = 273.15 K (0 °C) the density of air is: ρ0 = 101325 / (287.058 · 273.15) = 1.2922 kg/m3. For T25 = 298,15 K (25°C) (Normal conditions) the density of air is: ρ25 = 101325 / (287,058 · 298,15) = 1.184 kg/m3. Furthermore it is customary T20 = 293.15 K ↔ 20°C and the density of air is ρ = 1.204 kg/m3. As you see, this sizes are strongly temperature dependent. The speed of sound in air is:  ϑ (theta) is the temperature in degrees Celsius. Z0 = ρ0 · c Z0 is the specific acoustic impedance of air and c is the speed of sound. In SI units with dry air at 20°C (68 °F), the speed of sound c is 343 m/s. This also equates to 1235 km/h, 767 mph, 1125 feet per second (ft/s), or 666 knots. |
| Google is not correct (look at the following link)
http://www.google.com/support/forum/p/Web%20Search/thread?tid=637d28333c3c4254&hl=en Here is the answer of Google: "Speed of sound at sea level = 340.29 m/s". This is not a good answer, because they forgot to tell us the important temperature, and the given atmospheric pressure "at sea level" makes really no sense. |
| Reason: The static air pressure p_ and density ρ of the air at the same temperature are proportional to each other. The ratio p / ρ is always constant, on a high mountain or even at sea level. Atmospheric pressure p_ and density of air ρ go always together. The ratio stays constant. When calculating the speed of sound, forget the atmospheric pressure, but regard the important temperature. The speed of sound varies with altitude (height) only because of the changing temperature! |
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| Adiabatic index or ratio of specific heats κ (kappa) = cp / cv. Generally we take with sufficient accuracy the formula (equation) for the speed of sound in air in m/s vs. temperature ϑ (theta) in degrees Celsius (centigrade):
That gives e.g. at ϑ = 20°C a speed of sound c = 331 + 0.6 × 20 = 343 m/s.
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| Note: The radiated sound power (sound intensity) is the cause - and the sound pressure is the effect. The effect is of particular interest to the sound engineer. The effect of temperature and sound pressure. |
| Acousticians and sound protectors (noise fighters) need the sound intensity (acoustic intensity). As a sound designer you don't need that energy quantity. Look out more for the sound pressure that makes an effect to the eardrums of our hearing and to the diaphagms of microphones. |
Sound pressure and Sound power – Effect and Cause
Converter: Fahrenheit to Celsius and Celsius to Fahrenheit
| To use the calculator, simply enter a value. Calculator works in both directions of the ↔ sign. |
| From Celsius to x degrees | From x degrees to Celsius | |
| Fahrenheit | °F = °C × 9/5 + 32 | °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 |
| Kelvin | K = °C + 273.15 | °C = K − 273.15 |
| Rankine | °R = (°C + 273.15) × 9/5 | °C = (°R − 491.67) × 5/9 |
| Delisle | °De = (100 − °C) × 3/2 | °C = 100 − °De × 2/3 |
| Newton | °N = °C × 33/100 | °C = °N × 100/33 |
| Réaumur | °Ré = °C × 4/5 | °C = °Ré × 5/4 |
| Rømer | °Rø = °C × 21/40 + 7.5 | °C = (°Rø − 7.5) × 40/21 |
| From Fahrenheit to x degrees | From x degrees to Fahrenheit | |
| Celsius | °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 | °F = °C × 9/5 + 32 |
| Kelvin | K = (°F + 459.67) × 5/9 | °F = K × 9/5 − 459.67 |
| Rankine | °R = °F + 459.67 | °F = °R − 459.67 |
| Delisle | °De = (212 − °F) × 5/6 | °F = 212 − °De × 6/5 |
| Newton | °N = (°F − 32) × 11/60 | °F = °N × 60/11 + 32 |
| Réaumur | °Ré = (°F − 32) × 4/9 | °F = °Ré × 9/4 + 32 |
| Rømer | °Rø = (°F − 32) × 7/24 + 7.5 | °F = (°Rø − 7.5) × 24/7 + 32 |
| Zonal mean vertical profile of temperature in the atmosphere during June at 45° North  Temperature vs. Height (Atmospheric Pressure) |
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